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As a passionate DevOps Engineer with 3+ years of experience, I specialize in building robust, scalable, and secure infrastructures. My expertise spans Kubernetes, Jenkins, Docker, AWS, Ansible, Flask, Apache, Nginx, Kibana, Uyuni, Percona PMM, MySQL, and more.
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how to host wordpress in docker container
WordPress is a free and open source blogging tool and a content management system (CMS) based on PHP and MySQL, which runs on a web hosting service. Features include a plugin architecture and a template system. WordPress is used by more than 22.0% of the top 10 million websites as of August 2013. WordPress is the most popular blogging system in use on the Web, at more than 60 million websites
To create a site on WordPress using Docker, you will need to follow these steps or skip to docker-compose file in the end .
Better skip to docker-compose as it is simple and straight forward .
Make sure you have Docker installed on your system. If not, you can download it from the official website.
or download the script and run it as below
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh and add permission with chmod +x get-docker.sh and run it with sh get-docker.sh
Next, create a new directory on your system and navigate to it in the command line.
Run the following command to pull the latest version of the WordPress image from Docker Hub:
docker pull wordpress
Once the image is downloaded, run the following command to start a new container using the WordPress image:
docker run --name my-wordpress -p 8080:80 -d wordpress
This will start a new container named "my-wordpress" and map port 8080 on your system to port 80 on the container.
You can now access the WordPress installation by navigating to http://localhost:8080 in your web browser.
Once you logged in to your WordPress site, on the left sidebar go to "Post" and then click on "Add new"
Fill in the post title and content and publish it.
Your post is now live on your WordPress site running in a Docker container.
Note: In order to access the WordPress site outside of your local machine, you will need to map port 8080 to a publicly accessible IP address.
Site will work only if there is a Database
Next you will need MYSql database
docker run --name my-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=mypassword -d mysql
This will start a new container named "my-mysql" and set the root password for the MySQL server to "mypassword".
Now we need to link the WordPress container with the MySQL container, so run the following command:
docker run --name my-wordpress --link my-mysql:mysql -p 8080:80 -d wordpress
This will link the "my-wordpress" container to the "my-mysql" container and give it access to the MySQL server.
To connect the WordPress site to the MySQL container, you will need to configure the WordPress container's environment variables. You will need to set the WORDPRESS_DB_HOST to mysql, WORDPRESS_DB_USER to root and WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD to mypassword
You may also need to configure the wp-config.php file to connect to the MySQL server.
Once you've completed these steps, the WordPress site running in the Docker container should be able to connect to the MySQL server running in another container and you can able to create new post and it will store in the MySQL container.
To add an nginx reverse proxy to your WordPress installation running in a Docker container, you will need to follow these additional steps:
create a new directory on your system and navigate to it in the command line. Create a new file named default.conf and add the following configuration:
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://wordpress:80;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
This configuration tells nginx to listen on port 80 and forward requests to the WordPress container running on port 80. Replace example.com with your website domain
Run the following command to start a new container using the nginx image
docker run --name my-nginx -p 80:80 --link my-wordpress:wordpress -v /path/to/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:ro -d nginx
This will start a new container named "my-nginx" and map port 80 on the host to port 80 on the container, link the nginx container with the wordpress container and mount the default.conf file as the nginx configuration file.
Now all the request sent to the example.com will be handled by the nginx reverse proxy and then forwarded to the wordpress container.
You can also configure nginx to handle SSL encryption by adding a SSL certificate and key to the configuration file, and configuring the listen and server_name options accordingly.
Below is the docker-compose file to run everything in single command
copy the content and save it in a file docker-compose.yml
version: '3.1'
services:
wordpress:
image: wordpress
restart: always
ports:
- 8080:80
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: exampleuser
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: examplepass
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: exampledb
volumes:
- wordpress:/var/www/html
##database
db:
image: mysql:5.7
restart: always
environment:
MYSQL_DATABASE: exampledb
MYSQL_USER: exampleuser
MYSQL_PASSWORD: examplepass
MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD: '1'
volumes:
- db:/var/lib/mysql
## nginx webserver
webserver:
image: nginx:stable
restart: always
ports:
- 80:80
- 443:443
volumes:
- ./templates:/etc/nginx/templates
- ./nginx-ssl:/etc/nginx/ssl/
environment:
- NGINX_HOST=localhost
volumes:
wordpress:
db:
nginx-ssl:
To store SSL certs, I created a nginx-ssl directory. Look at that, if you want.
The following is my configuration for nginx, (create templates directory and save a file as default.conf.template) which I changed to accommodate server SSL requests.
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://wordpress:80;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name example.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://wordpress:80;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/yourssl.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/yoursecret.key;
}
Once you are ready , just run docker-compose up -d
That's all . Open <ipaddress:80> or <ipaddress:443>you will see your wordpress site .
Use the same docker-compose.yml file and change the volume directory and also you may have to restore database and database values in wp-config.php